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----- Original Message ----- From: Sent by NCBI To: ibra@zadar.net Sent: Saturday, July 08, 2006 1:35 PM Subject: pubmed Search Results This message contains search results from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). Do not reply directly to this message. Sender's message: Sent on Saturday, 2006 Jul 08 GMT Select 11 document(s) Entrez pubmed Results Items 1 - 11 of 11 1: Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Jun 30; [Epub ahead of print] Related Articles, Books, LinkOut Guidelines Do Help Change Behavior in the Management of Osteoporosis by Gastroenterologists. Kane S, Reddy D. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The American College of Gastroenterology supported the development of evidence-based guidelines for the management of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Our aim was to determine the short-term impact of the guidelines on practice patterns. METHODS: Two hundred clinicians were surveyed prior to and 3 and 6 months after the guidelines were disseminated. The number of bone density scans ordered by these physicians was also determined before and 3 and 6 months after guidelines were distributed. RESULTS: At the end of 3 months, only 20% of subjects admitted to having read the guidelines. There was a significant number of subjects who felt more comfortable treating osteoporosis (20%vs 10% prior to dissemination of the guidelines [pBrigham GS. Department of Psychology, MSC03 2220, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. Although substance abuse professionals are generally open to new and better therapeutic methods, most evidence-based treatments do not easily find their way into practice. Natural diffusion processes for innovations in substance abuse treatments are relatively informal and have yielded a widely acknowledged gap between science and community practice. This review focuses on methods for effectively disseminating new treatment methods into practice. Therapist manuals and one-time workshops are in themselves relatively ineffective in helping practitioners gain proficiency in new clinical approaches. Individual performance feedback and coaching improve the acquisition of clinical skills. Specific incentives for implementation may also be needed to encourage treatment providers, programs, and systems to adopt new approaches. PMID: 16814008 [PubMed - in process] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7: J Psychosom Res. 2006 Jul;61(1):123-8. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut A survey of delirium guidelines in Europe. Leentjens AF, Diefenbacher A. Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Hospital, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the existence and content of delirium guidelines of the national psychiatric associations in Europe. METHOD: A survey was sent by email to national coordinators of the European Association for Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics. RESULTS: Responses were obtained for 12 of the 14 countries that were approached. Of these 12 countries, only two national psychiatric associations reported having national delirium guidelines. The Dutch Psychiatric Association was the only national psychiatric association that had developed a comprehensive multidisciplinary guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of delirium. The German Association of Scientific Medical Societies has a comprehensive guideline on the treatment of alcohol withdrawal delirium, in which the German Society for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Mental Disorders participated. In addition, the delirium guideline of the British Geriatrics Society and the guideline for alcohol withdrawal delirium of the German Neurological Society were mentioned by respondents. CONCLUSIONS: Although the development of evidence-based treatment guidelines is considered an important way to improve clinical practice, the national psychiatric associations of only two countries have such a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of delirium. The advantages of supranational collaboration in the development of guidelines are stressed. PMID: 16813854 [PubMed - in process] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8: J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Jun;106(6):925-45. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut Position of the American Dietetic Association: individual-, family-, school-, and community-based interventions for pediatric overweight. American Dietetic Association (ADA). The American Dietetic Association (ADA), recognizing that overweight is a significant problem for children and adolescents in the United States, takes the position that pediatric overweight intervention requires a combination of family-based and school-based multi-component programs that include the promotion of physical activity, parent training/modeling, behavioral counseling, and nutrition education. Furthermore, although not yet evidence-based, community-based and environmental interventions are recommended as among the most feasible ways to support healthful lifestyles for the greatest numbers of children and their families. ADA supports the commitment of resources for programs, policy development, and research for the efficacious promotion of healthful eating habits and increased physical activity in all children and adolescents, regardless of weight status. This is the first position paper of ADA to be based on a rigorous systematic evidence-based analysis of the pediatric overweight literature on intervention programs. The research showed positive effects of two specific kinds of overweight interventions: a) multicomponent, family-based programs for children between the ages of 5 and 12 years, and b) multicomponent, school-based programs for adolescents. Multicomponent programs include behavioral counseling, promotion of physical activity, parent training/modeling, dietary counseling, and nutrition education. Analysis of the literature to date points to the need for further investigation of promising strategies not yet adequately evaluated. Furthermore, this review highlights the need for research to develop effective and innovative overweight prevention programs for various sectors of the population, including those of varying ethnicities, young children, and adolescents. To support and enhance the efficacy of family- and school-based weight interventions, community-wide interventions should be undertaken; few such interventions have been conducted and even fewer evaluated. Publication Types: a.. Practice Guideline PMID: 16812927 [PubMed - in process] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9: J Gen Intern Med. 2006 Jul;21(7):792-5. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut International Clinical Epidemiology Network: an opportunity for SGIM international cooperation. Tugwell P, Fletcher R, Fletcher S, Goldsmith C, Rahbar M, Robinson V, Runyan D, Sadowski L. Centre for Global Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. elacasse@uottawa.ca The Canadian/American regional group of the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) invites SGIM members to join in an international network dedicated to improving health in low and middle-income countries and reducing health disparities in North America-not only because many goals and activities of the 2 organizations are compatible such as evidence-based medicine, mentoring, and training; but because collaboration between SGIM and INCLEN could strengthen both groups. With increasing brain drain from the developing world to the North, there is an ever-increasing need for academic contributions from the North to swing the balance toward brain gain for the South. SGIM members have the academic expertise to make an important contribution to global health. Participation and contribution from SGIM members is welcomed at the individual or organizational level. We invite you to explore possible partnership and collaboration. PMID: 16808784 [PubMed - in process] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10: J Gen Intern Med. 2006 Jul;21(7):735-44. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut Antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin e for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Coulter ID, Hardy ML, Morton SC, Hilton LG, Tu W, Valentine D, Shekelle PG. RAND, Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA. coulter@rand.org OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence of the supplements vitamin C and vitamin E for treatment and prevention of cancer. METHODS: Systematic review of trials and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies showed scant evidence that vitamin C or vitamin E beneficially affects survival. In the ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group, no statistically significant effect of treatment was seen for any cancer individually, and our pooled relative risk (regardless of tumor type) for alpha-tocopherol alone was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 1.12). All cause mortality was not significant. In the Linxian General Population Trial, the relative risks for cancer death for vitamin C (combined with molybdenum) was 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.21) and for vitamin E (combined with beta-carotene and selenium) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.00). We identified only 3 studies that reported statistically significant beneficial results: vitamin C (in combination with BCG) was found to be beneficial in a single trial of bladder cancer and vitamin E (in combination with omega-3 fatty acid) increased survival in patients with advanced cancer. In the ATBC trial, in analyses of 6 individual cancers, the prevention of prostate cancer in subjects treated with alpha-tocopherol was statistically significant (RR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review of the literature does not support the hypothesis that the use of supplements of vitamin C or vitamin E in the doses tested helps prevent and/or treat cancer in the populations tested. There were isolated findings of benefit, which require confirmation. PMID: 16808775 [PubMed - in process] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11: J Gen Intern Med. 2006 Jun;21(6):656-60. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut A clinician-educator's roadmap to choosing and interpreting statistical tests. Windish DM, Diener-West M. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Ha ven, CT, USA. donna.windish@yale.edu As educators seek confirmation of successful trainee achievement, medical education must move toward a more evidence-based approach to teaching and evaluation. Although medical training often provides physicians with a general background in biostatistics, many are not prepared to apply these skills. This can hinder clinician educators as they wish to develop, analyze and disseminate their scholarly work. This paper is intended to be a concise educational tool and guide for choosing and interpreting statistical tests aimed toward medical education assessment. It includes guidelines and examples that clinician-educators can use when analyzing and interpreting studies and when writing methods and results sections of reports. PMID: 16808753 [PubMed - in process] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------